Всемирный день без табака отмечается ежегодно по инициативе ВОЗ 31 мая с 1988 года, и в 2022 году пройдет под лозунгом «Табак — угроза нашей окружающей среде».
Курение является одной из самых распространенных вредных привычек в мире.
Ежегодно, по данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, глобальная табачная эпидемия уносит жизнь каждого десятого взрослого человека в мире — более 8 миллионов человек в год. При этом, около 900 000 не являются активными курильщиками. Они умирают в результате тех недугов, которые приобретают, просто вдыхая табачный дым.
На сегодня курение — один из главных факторов риска возникновения ХНИЗ и причина более 10% преждевременных смертей взрослого населения старше 30 лет.
Именно с употреблением табака связано развитие сердечно-сосудистых, онкологических заболеваний, болезней органов дыхания, бесплодия, нарушения слуха и зрения.
По данным ВОЗ курение является причиной 85% смертельных исходов от рака легких, бронхов, трахеи, 16% смертей от ишемической болезни сердца, 26% смертей от туберкулеза, 24% инфекций нижних дыхательных путей. Оно провоцирует развитие всех этих недугов.
На фоне пандемии COVID-19 были проведены исследования, в ходе которых было доказано, что курильщики переносят заболевание в более тяжёлой форме, и имеют более высокий риск летального исхода от COVID-19, чем некурящие. Этот факт побудил миллионы курильщиков бросить курить.
Рассмотрим подробнее влияние табака на различные органы и системы организма.
Главная мишень для никотина — верхние дыхательные пути и легкие, хотя раздражение слизистых начинается уже в ротовой полости.
При курении сигареты через слой тлеющего табака всасывается воздух, усиливающий горение, возгонку компонентов, поступающих затем в легкие. Тепло табачного дыма разрушает эмаль зубов, вызывает воспаление слизистой полости рта. Воспаляются и слюнные железы, что сопровождается повышением слюноотделения. Вот почему легко узнать курящего человека, даже если он это скрывает, по привычке часто сплевывать накапливающуюся во рту слюну.
Слизистые оболочки гортани, трахеи, бронхов, бронхиол и альвеол также подвергаются раздражающему воздействию табачного дыма, легко воспаляются, и у заядлого курильщика на фоне постоянного раздражения дыхательных путей развиваются бронхиты, пневмонии, трудно поддающиеся лечению и принимающие хроническое течение. А поскольку табак содержит много канцерогенных веществ, вызывающих злокачественные заболевания, у курильщика высока вероятность приобрести рак ротовой полости, гортани или легкого.
Воздействие табачного дыма на организм.
Не проходит бесследно курение и для внешнего вида. Даже в молодом возрасте при маленьком стаже курения проявляются характерные признаки курильщика — голос с хрипотцой, желтый налет на зубах и ногтях, расширенная сеточка сосудов на щеках.
Курение является фактором риска развития сердечнососудистых заболеваний. Выкуривание даже одной сигареты вызывает учащение сердечного ритма, сужение сосудов, что влечет за собой повышение артериального давления. В результате курения нарушается процесс питания сердечной мышцы кислородом, что может привести к тяжелому заболеванию — инфаркту миокарда.
В результате курения может развиться и такое тяжелое заболевание сосудов ног, как облитерирующий эндартериит, сопровождающийся необратимым сужением сосудов ног, нарушением питания тканей и часто заканчивающийся ампутацией ноги.
Нервная система, кровь, органы пищеварения также затрагиваются при попадании продуктов сгорания табака в организм. Курение может спровоцировать развитие язвенной болезни желудка, осложняет течение многих заболеваний.
У курящих женщин нарушается нормальная деятельность детородных органов, что способствует развитию бесплодия, осложняет течение беременности. Если курит беременная женщина, у нее рождается ослабленный ребенок, со сниженным весом, с нарушениями нервной системы, и все из-за того, что он получал яд еще в материнском организме.
Следует также помнить, что огромный вред курильщик наносит не только себе, но и окружающим, которых часто называют пассивными курильщиками. Вдыхая табачный дым в накуренном помещении, пассивный курильщик подвергается воздействию тех же компонентов табака, что и курящий сосед, часто с такими же последствиями для здоровья.
Как бросить курить? Сделать это трудно из-за быстрого привыкания организма к никотину, но можно и необходимо. Чтобы выбрать верную тактику отказа от курения, посоветуйтесь с врачом, который подберет для вас индивидуальную программу с учетом ваших психологических особенностей, условий жизни (наличие курящих в семье, среди друзей и т.д.).
Откажитесь от курения и …
- через 20 минут нормализуется частота сердечных сокращений;
- через 12 часов нормализуется уровень угарного газа в крови;
- через 2 недели начнёт улучшаться функция лёгких;
- через 1 месяц уменьшится кашель;
- через 5–15 лет риск инсульта станет таким же, как и у некурящих;
- через 15 лет риск сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний станет таким же как у некурящих.
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Howdy! This article could not be written any better! Looking through this article reminds me of my previous roommate! He continually kept preaching about this. I most certainly will forward this article to him. Fairly certain he will have a very good read. Thank you for sharing!
When I initially left a comment I appear to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and from now on every time a comment is added I recieve 4 emails with the exact same comment. Perhaps there is a means you can remove me from that service? Many thanks.
Hello there! This blog post couldn’t be written any better! Going through this article reminds me of my previous roommate! He continually kept preaching about this. I am going to forward this post to him. Fairly certain he’s going to have a good read. Many thanks for sharing!